Natural nanotechnology in the world

 natural nanotechnology in the world

nowadays natural nano materials use several applications. someone shows this chart. Look at this chart.

lotus leaves nano structure

Natural nanotechnology refers to the occurrence of nanoscale phenomena and structures in the natural world. Many natural processes and materials exhibit nanoscale features and behaviors that have evolved over millions of years. Here are some examples of natural nanotechnology:

1. Lotus Leaf Effect: The lotus leaf has a unique surface structure consisting of microscopic bumps covered with wax-like nanoscale hairs. This structure creates a self-cleaning effect known as the lotus effect, where water droplets roll off the surface, carrying away dirt and contaminants. This natural nanoscale structure has inspired the development of self-cleaning surfaces in artificial materials.

2. Butterfly Wings: The wings of certain butterfly species, such as the Morpho butterfly, exhibit vibrant and iridescent colors. These colors are not due to pigment molecules but rather arise from the interaction of light with intricate nanoscale structures on the wing scales. These structures selectively reflect and scatter light to produce the vibrant colors, inspiring the development of photonic devices and color displays.

3. Spider Silk: Spider silk is known for its exceptional strength and elasticity. It is composed of protein molecules arranged in a hierarchical structure at the nanoscale. The precise arrangement of these protein molecules gives spider silk its remarkable mechanical properties, making it stronger than steel of the same weight. Researchers are studying spider silk to develop new materials with high strength and flexibility.

4. Geckos' Feet: Geckos have the remarkable ability to climb vertical and even inverted surfaces. This is due to the unique structure of their feet, which is covered in millions of tiny hairs called setae. Each seta branches out into even smaller structures called spatulas, which interact with the surface at the nanoscale through weak molecular forces known as van der Waals forces. This natural nanoscale structure has inspired the development of adhesive materials and climbing robots.

5. Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, relies on nanoscale structures called chloroplasts. Within the chloroplasts, molecules called chlorophyll capture light and convert it into chemical energy. These nanoscale structures enable efficient light absorption and energy conversion, serving as inspiration for the development of solar cells.

6. Bacterial Nanowires: Some bacteria, such as Geocacher species, form nanoscale filaments called nanowires. These nanowires allow the bacteria to conduct electricity over long distances, enabling them to transfer electrons to external materials or other bacteria. Researchers are exploring the potential of bacterial nanowires